High-income taxpayers face two special taxes — a 3.8% net investment income tax (NIIT) and a 0.9% additional Medicare tax on wage and self-employment income. Here’s an overview of the taxes and what they may mean for you.
3.8% NIIT
This tax applies, in addition to income tax, on your net investment income. The NIIT only affects taxpayers with adjusted gross income (AGI) exceeding $250,000 forjoint filers, $200,000 for single taxpayers and heads of household, and $125,000 for married individuals filing separately.
If your AGI is above the threshold that applies ($250,000, $200,000 or $125,000), the NIIT applies to the lesser of 1) your net investment income for the tax year or 2) the excess of your AGI for the tax year over your threshold amount.
The “net investment income” that’s subject to the NIIT consists of interest, dividends, annuities, royalties, rents and net gains from property sales. Wage income and income from an active trade or business isn’t included. However, passive business income is subject to the NIIT.
Income that’s exempt from income tax, such as tax-exempt bond interest, is likewise exempt from the NIIT. Thus, switching some taxable investments to tax-exempt bonds can reduce your exposure. Of course, this should be done after taking your income needs and investment considerations into account.
How does the NIIT apply to home sales? If you sell your principal residence, you may be able to exclude up to $250,000 of gain ($500,000 for joint filers) when figuring your income tax. This excluded gain isn’t subject to the NIIT.
However, gain that exceeds the exclusion limit is subject to the tax. Gain from the sale of a vacation home or other second residence, which doesn’t qualify for the exclusion, is also subject to the NIIT.
Distributions from qualified retirement plans, such as pension plans and IRAs, aren’t subject to the NIIT. However, those distributions may push your AGI over the threshold that would cause other types of income to be subject to the tax.
Additional 0.9% Medicare tax
Some high-wage earners pay an extra 0.9% Medicare tax on part of their wage income, in addition to the 1.45% Medicare tax that all wage earners pay. The 0.9% tax applies to wages in excess of $250,000 for joint filers, $125,000 for a married individuals filing separately and $200,000 for all others. It applies only to employees, not to employers.
Once an employee’s wages reach $200,000 for the year, the employer must begin withholding the additional 0.9% tax. However, this withholding may prove insufficient if the employee has additional wage income from another job or if the employee’s spouse also has wage income. To avoid that result, an employee may request extra income tax withholding by filing a new Form W-4 with the employer.
An extra 0.9% Medicare tax also applies to self-employment income for the tax year in excess of the same amounts for wage earners. This is in addition to the regular 2.9% Medicare tax on all self-employment income. The $250,000, $125,000, and $200,000 thresholds are reduced by the taxpayer’s wage income.
Reduce the impact
As you can see, these two taxes may have a significant effect on your tax bill. Contact us to discuss these taxes and how their impact could be reduced.
Maxwell Locke & Ritter © 2022
FAQs
Tax Year 2022 Filing Thresholds by Filing Status
| Filing Status | Taxpayer age at the end of 2022 | A taxpayer must file a return if their gross income was at least: |
|---|
| single | 65 or older | $14,700 |
| head of household | under 65 | $19,400 |
| head of household | 65 or older | $21,150 |
| married filing jointly | under 65 (both spouses) | $25,900 |
6 more rowsHigh Income Return Details
Income, deductions, credits, and tax for returns with and without U.S. income tax and with income of $200,000 or more.
Will I owe taxes if I make more money? ›
Tax exemptions and deductions mean that you never pay tax on your entire income. Increasing your income might move you into a higher marginal tax bracket, but you'll only pay a higher tax rate on the last dollars that you earn.
How do you know if you make enough to pay taxes? ›
The amount of money that you need to make in order to be required to file a return is going to depend on a number of factors—specifically, age and filing status. As an example, somebody under the age of 65 filing as a single taxpayer will only be required to file if his or her income is $13,850 or more.
How much do I owe in taxes if I made 100000? ›
If you make $100,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $29,959. That means that your net pay will be $70,041 per year, or $5,837 per month. Your average tax rate is 30.0% and your marginal tax rate is 42.6%.
Will I owe taxes if I don't make enough money? ›
You'll generally see an increase in the deduction to account for inflation each year. The deductions you claim on your tax return determine how much of your income is taxable. So, if your income is less than the standard deduction, and you don't have other income to report, you won't need to file a tax return.
How much does the average person pay in taxes per year? ›
Combining direct and indirect taxes, as well as taxes from state and local government, the average American family paid $17,902 in taxes in 2021.
How much will my tax return be if I made 70000? ›
If you make $70,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $17,665. That means that your net pay will be $52,335 per year, or $4,361 per month. Your average tax rate is 25.2% and your marginal tax rate is 41.0%.
How much does the average American make? ›
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor, the average U.S. annual salary in Q4 of 2023 was $59,384. This is up 5.4% from the same time period in 2022 when the average American was making $56,316 per year. Average weekly earnings reached $1,142, while the average American made $4,949 per month in Q4 of 2023.
Why do I owe taxes if I make so little? ›
Common reasons for owing taxes include insufficient withholding, extra income, self-employment tax, life changes, and tax code changes.
The most common reason why taxpayers end up owing money to the IRS is because they did not have enough money taken out of their paychecks throughout the year, according to tax experts. When employees first start a job, they fill out a W-4 form, which determines how much money is withheld from their paychecks for taxes.
Why do I owe taxes if I claim 0 and single? ›
When you claim 0 in allowances, it seems as if you are the only one who earns and that your spouse does not. Then, when both of you earn, and the amount reaches the 25% tax bracket, the amount of tax sent is not enough. You will hence need to pay the IRS some money.
Does Social Security count as income? ›
You report the taxable portion of your social security benefits on line 6b of Form 1040 or Form 1040-SR. Your benefits may be taxable if the total of (1) one-half of your benefits, plus (2) all of your other income, including tax-exempt interest, is greater than the base amount for your filing status.
At what age is Social Security no longer taxed? ›
Social Security income can be taxable no matter how old you are. It all depends on whether your total combined income exceeds a certain level set for your filing status. You may have heard that Social Security income is not taxed after age 70; this is false.
Is it better to claim 1 or 0 on your taxes? ›
Claiming 1 on your tax return reduces withholdings with each paycheck, which means you make more money on a week-to-week basis. When you claim 0 allowances, the IRS withholds more money each paycheck but you get a larger tax return.
Do I owe taxes if I make less than 12000? ›
For example, for the 2021 tax year, if someone under 65 filing as a single taxpayer made at least $12,550, they had to file taxes. In the 2022 tax year, for that same age and filing status, the income threshold was $12,950.
How much do you have to make to owe taxes at the end of the year self employed? ›
You usually must pay self-employment tax if you had net earnings from self-employment of $400 or more. Generally, the amount subject to self-employment tax is 92.35% of your net earnings from self-employment.
How much will my tax return be if I made 15000? ›
If you make $15,000 a year living in the region of California, USA, you will be taxed $1,518. That means that your net pay will be $13,483 per year, or $1,124 per month.
How much do you owe in taxes if you made less than 10000? ›
If you earn less than $10,000 per year, you don't have to file a tax return. However, you won't receive an Earned-Income Tax Credit refund unless you do file.
